AdrenergicReceptors(ARs)aremembersofthe7-transmembranedomainG-protein-coupledreceptorsuperfamilythatbindtheendogenouscatecholaminesepinephrineandnorepinephrine.Pharmacological,structural,andmolecularcloningdataindicatesignificantheterogeneitywithinthisreceptorfamily.Ninereceptorsubtypeshavebeenidentifiedthusfarincludingthreealpha1ARsubtypes(1A/D,1B,and1C),threealpha2ARs(2A,2B,and2C),andthreebetaARsubtypes(1,2,and3).ARsparticipateineithertheonsetormaintenanceofseveraldiseasestatesincludinghypertension,cardiacdysfunction(congestiveheartfailure,ischemia,arrhythmias),diabetes,glaucoma,depression,andimpotence.A1ARsubtypesarefoundinnumeroustissuesandhavebeenshowntobeinvolvedintheregulationofbloodpressureduetochangesinvasculartoneandcardiacoutput.Effectsonuterinecontraction,hepaticglucosemetabolism,heatshockprotein70(HSP70),proto-oncogeneexpression,andmitogenesishavebeenlinkedtoA1ARactivation.Thealpha-1Badrenergicreceptor(ADRA1B)mediatesitsactionbyassociationwithGproteinsthatactivateaphosphatidylinositol-calciumsecondmessengersystem.

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